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pathologySubdural effusionBenign enlargement of the subarachnoid spacesCSF and ICPsubitem 1subitem 2subitem 3subitem 4Peripheral nerves disordersBrachial plexus injuryBrachial plexus anatomyTumoursCyst and tumour like lesionsRathke's cleft cystEsthesioneuroblastomaColloid cystPineal cystDermoid and Epidermoid cystEpidermoid cystsScalp EpidermoidDermoid cystSellar tumoursCraniopharyngiomaCraniopharyngioma treatmentTypes of craniopharyngiomaAdamantinomatous craniopharyngiomaPapillary craniopharyngiomasGranular cell tumour of the sellar regionPituicytomaSpindle cell oncocytomaPituitary adenoma/Pituitary neuroendocrine tumourSpecial testsPituitary apoplexyAcromegalyGrowth Hormone deficiencyCushing diseaseCushing syndromeDiagnosis and Management of CS in ChildrenProlactinomasTSH secreting tumourPituitary blastomaPineal tumoursPineal parenchymal tumourPineocytomaPineal parenchymal tumour of intermediate differentiation (PPTID)PineoblastomaPapillary tumour of the pineal regionDesmoplastic myxoid tumour of the pineal region, SMARCB1-mutantMeningiomaOlfactory Groove MeningiomasTuberculum sellae meningiomaConvexity MeningiomasSphenoid wing (Lateral and middle)Spheno-orbital meningiomaClinoidal MeningiomasParasagittal meningiomaFalcine MeningiomasPeritorcular MeningiomasTentorial meningiomaClival and petroclival meningiomasSpinal meningiomasCalvarial meningiomasIntraventricular meningiomasForamen magnum meningiomas (FMM)Mesenchymal non meningothelial tumoursSoft tissue tumorsSolitary fibrous tumour (SFT)Hemangiomas and vascular malformationsHaemangioblastomaEwing sarcomaRhabdomyosarcomaIntracranial mesenchymal tumor, FET-CREB fusion-positiveCIC-rearranged sarcomaPrimary intracranial sarcoma, DICER1-mutantChondro-osseous tumorsChondrogenic tumorsChondrosarcomaMesenchymal chondrosarcomaNotochordal tumorsChordomasOthers tumourTectal plate gliomaAdenoid Cystic CancerGerm cell tumoursGerminomaEmbryonal carcinomaGCT managementNon germinomasMixed germ cell tumourChoriocarcinomaImmature teratomaMature teratomaYolk sac tumourTeratoma with somatic-type malignancyHaematolymphoid and histiocytic tumoursLymphomasPrimary diffuse large В-cell lymphoma of the CNSImmunodeficiency-associated CNS lymphomasLymphomatoid granulomatosisIntravascular large B-cell lymphomaOther Low grade B-cell and T-cell lymphomasT-cell and NK/T-cell lymphomasPeripheral T-cell Lymphoma (PTCL)NK/T-cell Lymphoma (Nasal Type)Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALK+/ALK−)MALT lymphoma of the duraHistiocytic tumourLangerhans cell histiocytosisErdheim Chester diseaseRosai-Dorfman diseaseJuvenile xanthogranulomaHistiocytic sarcomaEmbryonal tumoursMedulloblastomaMedulloblastoma treatmentMedulloblastoma, WNT-activatedMedulloblastoma, SHH-activated, TP53-mutantMedulloblastoma, SHH-activated, TP53-wildtypeMedulloblastoma, non-WNT/non-SHHMedulloblastoma, non-WNT/non-SHH, group 3Medulloblastoma, non-WNT/non-SHH, group 4Medulloblastoma histologically definedOther CNS embryonal tumorsAtypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumour (AT/RT)Cribriform neuroepithelial tumor CRINETEmbryonal tumour with multilayered rosettesCNS neuroblastoma, FOXR2 activatedCNS tumor with BCOR internal tandem duplicationCNS embryonal tumour NEC/NOSChoroid plexus tumoursChoroid plexus papillomaAtypical choroid plexus papillomaChoroid plexus carcinomaCranial and paraspinal nerve tumoursSchwannomaVestibular schwannomaHistological subtypeNeurofibromaAtypical neurofibromatous neoplasm of unknown biological potential (ANNUBP)PerineuriomaHybrid nerve sheath tumourMalignant melanotic nerve sheath tumourMalignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour (MPNST)Cauda equina neuroendocrine tumourParaganglioma (Glomus tumour)Carotid body tumorsGlomus tumoursMelanocytic tumoursDiffuse meningeal melanocytic neoplasms: Melanocytosis and melanomatosisCircumscribed meningeal melanocytic neoplasms: Melanocytoma and melanomaMetastatic CNS tumourBrain mets ManagementSpecific cancerCancer of unknown primary (CUP)Metastases to the meningesCraniocervical junction tumoursGliomas, Glioneuronal Tumors, and Neuronal TumorsSubependymomaEpendymomaSpinal ependymoma (SE)Spinal cord ependymoma, MYCN-amplifiedMyxopapillary ependymoma (SP-MPE)Supratentorial ependymoma (STE)Supratentorial ependymoma, ZFTA fusion-positiveSupratentorial ependymoma, YAP1 fusion-positivePosterior fossa ependymoma (PF)Posterior fossa ependymoma, group A (PFA)Posterior fossa ependymoma, group B (PFB)Anaplastic ependymomaAdult type diffuse astrocytomaLow grade gliomasAstrocytoma, IDH mutantGliomatosis cerebra growth patternGrade 2 Astrocytoma IDH mutantGrade 3 Astrocytoma IDH mutantOligodendroglioma, IDH-mutant and 1p/19q-codeletedOligodendroglioma grade 2Oligodendroglioma grade 3LGG treatmentHigh grade GliomasGlioblastoma IDH mutantGlioblastoma IDH wildtypeMultiple lesional glioblastomasHGG treatmentCircumscribed astrocytic gliomasPilocytic astrocytomaChordoid glioma of the third ventricleAstroblastoma, MN1-alteredSubependymal giant cell astrocytoma (SEGA)Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA)Anaplastic pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (APX)High-grade astrocytoma with piloid features (HGAP)Pilomyxoid astrocytomaGlioneuronal and neuronal tumoursCerebellar liponeurocytomaDysplastic cerebellar gangliocytoma (Lhermitte-Duclos disease)GangliogliomaAnaplastic gangliogliomaMultinodular and vacuolating neuronal tumour (MVNT)Diffuse leptomeningeal glioneuronal tumour (DLGNT)Myxoid glioneuronal tumorRosette forming glioneuronal tumour (RGNT)Papillary glioneuronal tumourDiffuse glioneuronal tumour with oligodendroglioma-like features and nuclear clusters (DGONC)Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumour (DNET)Desmoplastic infantile ganglioglioma / desmoplastic infantile astrocytomaGangliocytomaCentral neurocytomaExtraventricular neurocytomaPaediatrics type diffuse astrocytomaPaediatric-type low-grade diffuse gliomasDiffuse astrocytoma, MYB- or MYBL1-alteredPolymorphous low-grade neuroepithelial tumour of the young (PLNTY)Diffuse low-grade glioma, MAPK pathway-alteredAngiocentric gliomaPaediatric-type high-grade diffuse gliomasDiffuse midline glioma, H3 K27-alteredDiffuse hemispheric glioma, H3 G34-mutantDiffuse paediatric-type high-grade glioma, H3-wildtype and IDH-wildtypeInfant-type hemispheric gliomaTumour syndromeNeurofibromatosis 1 (NF1)NF1 scoliosis subtypesSchwannoma Predisposition Syndromes (SPS)Schwannomatosis (old)Neurofibromatosis 2 (NF2)Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC)Neurocutaneous melanosis (NCM)Von Hippel Lindau syndromeTurcot syndromeLi-Fraumeni syndromeNaevoid basal cell carcinoma syndromeRhabdoid tumour predisposition syndromeCowden syndromePeutz Jeghers syndromeCarney complex (CNC)Ataxia Telangiectasia (AT)McCune Albright syndromeWaardenburg syndromeMENmTOR and RAS disordersPIK3CA-Related overgrowth spectrum (PROS)Proteus syndromeEpidermal nevus syndromes (ENS)Encephalocraniocutaneous lipomatosisTumour geneticsCDKN2A/B (cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors)FGFRSLC44A1-PRKCA fusion oncogeneMYB fusionMYC overexpressionBRAFMAPK pathway alterationsBrachyuryGNAQNRASDICER1 syndromeC19MC amplificationLIN28AIsochromosome 17qSMARCA4 alterationsSMARCB1 lossSHHPTENTERTGlioma pathologyChromosomes 7/10NOTCH1EGFR amplificationTP53 geneOLIG21p/19q CODELETIONATRXMGMT methylationIDH mutationEpigeneticsBCORHistone H3Polycomb repressive complexes (PRCs)Immunohistochemical StainsPathobiologyTumour generalCNS tumour summaryWhats new in 2021 WHO classificationPaediatric cranial tumoursCongenital brain tumours <60daysYoung children <3yoChildhood and pre-adolescent 3-11yoPaeds sellar tumoursPaediatric spinal tumoursTreatment for brain tumoursChemotherapyRadiotherapyPost radiotherapy changesRadiotherapy techniquesImmunotherapyMechanism of treatment resistanceBrain tumour markersAdult differential diagnosisLocation based differential diagnosisDifferential diagnosis for CP angle massesOptic pathway gliomasMidline tumoursPosterior fossa tumourSkull base tumoursPineal region tumoursIntraventricular basedDural based lesionsUntitledClassificationPathology differential diagnosisRosettesBodiesPaediatric Cranial tumoursHCP in Paediatric tumoursPaediatric spinal tumours
